Environmentally benign solid catalysts for sustainable biodiesel production: A critical review

Versatile bio-derived catalysts have been under dynamic investigation as potential substitutes to conventional chemical for sustainable biodiesel production. This is because of their unique, low-cost benefits and production processes that are environmentally economically acceptable. critical review aspires present a viable approach the synthesis benign cost-effective heterogeneous solid-base from wide range biological industrial waste materials Most these include an abundance metallic minerals like potassium calcium. The different approaches proposed by researchers derive highly active large-scale re-usable nature described briefly. Finally, this report extends overview techno-economic feasibility production, its environmental impacts, commercial aspects community-based expansion.